The High-Energy Density (HED) Limit The laser gives as much energy per unit volume as the target contains. In a nutshell, we can estimate , the energy per unit volume in the target, from the binding energy between two dihydrogen molecules, multiplied by the typical density of a solid, .…
Solar wind The Sun’s liberation velocity is written : (1) We can compare this speed with the speed of sound calculated in the solar corona, which is composed mainly of hydrogen plasma at temperatures in the million Kelvin range: (2) The Sun is mainly composed of hydrogen. We’ve…
Humanity uses approximately Joules per year. This number has increased from in 1900 to what it is today [source]. This growth shows no sign of stopping. A significant portion of the energy sources we use has a harmful effect on the environment. Since the second half of the last century,…
Turbulence is an important domain of physics for several reasons. It largely controls transport phenomena in many fields. It changes the type of energy contained in a system. And finally, it pushes the understanding of the equations used to describe fluids. Indeed, turbulence is often considered one of the last…