Where it all begins – Fusion in the sun’s core

I was wondering where this number \dot{M} = 620 \text{ million tons} comes from, and it turns out that what we observe is actually the light, neutrino and solar wind emitted by the sun, from which we deduce the power P_\odot delivered by the sun, from which we deduce the mass the Sun needs to be burning to explain that power. It is, to me, a bit frustrating, as I’d rather think from cause to effect than from effect to necessary cause.